The Importance of Serotonin

In some cases it is difficult to differentiate the premenstrual syndrome with some types of depression, because both disorders are caused by the secretion of serotonin, which plays an important role in regulating mood and behavior.

Serotonin is found in three main Aeras body: the gut wall (where it causes increased motility) blood vessels (which causes constriction of the great vessels) and central nervous system. It is in this last area where most have studied its effects.

The functions of serotonin are numerous and apparently is involved in appetite control, sleep, memory and learning, temperature regulation, mood and behavior (including sexual behavior), cardiovascular function, the muscle contraction, endocrine regulation and depression.

What woman has not felt particularly badly sometime in the days before her menstruation? The so-called premenstrual syndrome is characterized by changes in mood and behavior in the time period preceding the period (several days to 2 weeks earlier), followed by a period of relief in the post to the rule expressed by instability emotional (irritability, depression), headaches, sore breasts and usually edema (swelling, resulting from fluid retention).
Approximately 80% of women of reproductive age experience physical and behavioral changes in this period, which are considered normal, provided that in all cases these produce disability or discomfort in them. In up to 10% of cases the symptoms are severe enough to harm women in their work, lifestyle or relationships.
There is no specific cause but has been associated with a hormonal imbalance, related to changes in blood levels of estrogen and progesterone (hormones involved in the ovulatory cycle), the effects of these on brain chemistry and other aspects with metabolism such as diet, and deficiency of certain minerals and vitamins.

Other associated factors are stress and lack of exercise. However, none of these bottlenecks are found in all women with this syndrome. Other investigations have focused on studying the effects of endorphins (opioid peptides), which are natural brain chemicals that have an effect on the body similar to morphine, affecting mood.
Lately it has investigated the effect of serotonin and tryptophan, which are neurotransmitters that has been created like symptoms of this syndrome experimentally. We have seen that the concentration of these components in the brain varies in response to hormonal changes of the ovary.

SYMPTOMS OF ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION
When submitting, so persistent, difficult to obtain ’s male erection, maintain or do not feel any pleasure, then it comes to male erectile dysfunction.
CAUSES OF ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION
The causes of erectile dysfunction in ‘man may be organic or psychological origin. The causes of organic origin that can lead to erectile dysfunction in ‘man are: diabetes, circulatory problems, neurological disease, kidney failure, low levels of testosterone and age. Among the psychological causes that can lead to erectile dysfunction are primarily ’s anxiety and stress. In these cases the solution is to stay calm, relax and just focus on the pleasurable sensations. Erectile dysfunction in ‘man increases with’ age.
Delayed ejaculation: difficulty feeling pleasure

SYMPTOMS OF ‘delayed ejaculation
In cases of delayed male ejaculation, there are difficulties to ejaculate while having the right erotic stimulation. L ‘orgasm and ejaculation are different responses that usually occur together.
CAUSES OF ‘delayed ejaculation
When you present in ‘man’s problem of’ delayed ejaculation, the cause may be an organic origin such as diabetes, or psychological, such as ‘excessive self-control, l’ inability to give in to sexual feelings. Even certain medications (antidepressants and estrogens) can exert a ‘negative influence and lead to’ delayed ejaculation.
Premature Ejaculation male ejaculation too fast

SYMPTOMS Premature Ejaculation
L ‘man suffers from premature ejaculation when not able to adequately control the ejaculation reflex. When is early? It is difficult to determine with absolute precision. The premature ejaculation is defined when its comes with an advance in which the woman has 15 pelvic contractions, while we consider whether the absolute speed of the ‘man who prevents a woman reaches the’ orgasm.
CAUSES OF ‘Premature Ejaculation
This alteration may be derived from previous sexual experiences, lived with anxiety or hurry, masturbation accompanied by feelings of guilt or poor coital relations. Approximately 25% of men suffer from premature ejaculation.
LACK OF SEXUAL DESIRE: even today I go

L ‘lack of sexual desire can be defined as a steady decline of’ sexual appetite.
CAUSES OF ‘LACK OF SEXUAL DESIRE
The causes can be from physical or psychological means any serious illness, concern for their health, the ‘taking drugs’ s hypertension, antidepressants, diuretics, antipsychotics, reports conflicting or routine of the couple, the physical exhaustion , l ‘anxiety, stress, sexual problems of one partner or the presence of traumatic sexual experiences.
BELIEFS AND MYTHS about sexuality ‘and the’ ORGASM

- Measurement of pain and pleasure: the penis size is irrelevant in determining the sexual performance.
- L ‘orgasm is not a goal: to wait anxiously for the arrival’ orgasm can stop to enjoy or join.
- Sexual Satisfaction: l ‘affection, abetting el’ love is as important as the ‘orgasm.
- Simultaneous orgasm: they are not frequent and are due to a simple coincidence of timing.
- L ‘man is not always available: despite what you believe, the’ no man ever wants to have sex.
- The loss (absence) of erection is not due to the fact that ‘man sees his partner unattractive but is linked to other problems.
- When you have an erection is not necessary to reach the ‘orgasm.
- Take ‘initiative: it is essential that both the’ man to direct the sexual relationship, because it is something that concerns both.

L ‘endometrium is the mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the’ uterus. During each cycle of 28-30 days, l ‘endometrium grows up to become detached, causing the menstrual flow. But when the mucosa is present in other areas such as the ovaries or fallopian tubes can not be removed from the stream. It then produces irritation and injury to tissues. The Endometriosis is a disorder that usually affects women between 20 and 40 years.
ENDOMETRIOSIS SYMPTOMS:
L ’causes endometriosis menstrual pain, heavy bleeding, pain during intercourse and problems in getting pregnant.
CARE Endometriosis:
According to the specialist visit and based on each individual case, the gynecologist will assess whether you need surgery to remove the ‘endometrium place out from’ womb or whether it takes is a medication.
Ovarian cysts: Ovarian cysts

The cyst is a cavity filled with fluid that grows on the surface of the ovaries or on their side. Usually the cysts are small but can grow and disrupt the production of hormones.
SYMPTOMS Ovarian cysts:
Many women have ovarian cysts (ovarian cysts) are asymptomatic, but can also cause pain during intercourse, abdominal bloating, pain, vaginal bleeding or increased body hair.
CURE Ovarian cysts:
The medication for ovarian cysts depends very much on the ‘age of the woman and the fact if he wants to get pregnant or not.
Vaginal infections: candida and trichomoniasis

L ‘is the most common vaginal infection candida produced by the fungus Candida albicans.
SYMPTOMS vaginal infections:
In addition to pain during sexual intercourse, usually l ‘produces a vaginal infection itching to the genital area. You have losses with whitish lumps and vulva and vagina are red and swollen.
In particular, trichomoniasis is a ‘vaginal infection caused by a parasite and causes yellowish and smelly secretions in women, trichomoniasis also causes itching, abdominal pain and disturbances during sexual intercourse.
The diagnosis of vaginal infections is through a gynecological examination and he has confirmed through an analytical cytology.
CARE vaginal infections:
Depending on the type of vaginal infection detected, the gynecologist prescribe a medication based on antifungals and antibiotics, which must be followed scrupulously to avoid recurrences.
Vaginal dryness and pain during intercourse

In order to have healthy sexual relationships, it is necessary that the vagina Bartholin’s gland produce some lubricating materials that allow penetration. When the glands do not secrete these substances, lubricants, penetration can be painful for the woman. The vaginal dryness may be due to various causes, including a decreased level of estrogen, as occurs during menopause. It has been shown that estrogen helps to maintain the ‘elasticity of the skin and mucous membranes and the same happens with the walls of the vagina. But there are other causes that can cause vaginal dryness: l ‘milk and,’ taking antihistamines, tranquilizers or marijuana and the menstrual cycle. There are gels and creams that help lubricate the vagina, fighting, with excellent results, the vaginal dryness.
Cysts and WOMEN’S HEALTH

Cystitis is a ‘localized infection in the bladder and urinary tract. The bacteria that usually “live” in the area of the genitals and the anal reach the bladder. Disorders caused by cysts can make intercourse difficult.
CARE Cisti
The treatment of cystitis is very simple but slow: we must take the ‘antibiotic prescribed by your doctor.
Vagina qualdo the cause of pain is psychological

During the penetration of the vagina shrinks instinctively. Is what is called vaginismus. May be an isolated incident, but when it happens repeatedly, the woman begins to fear of pain and the vagina is closed more. The causes of vaginismus ranging from psychological trauma, the suffering experienced during previous sexual relationships, until the fear of pregnancy, ‘anxiety, lack of sexual desire. The causes of vagimsmo are not always due to injury: often a poor sex education is the Chief of vaginismus. In cases of vaginismus is good to consult a specialist (a sex therapist) that explain the advice and relaxation techniques.

There is talk of asymptomatic disease when the person does not experience discomfort details. L ‘values of hepatic transaminase, enzymes produced by liver cells, which enter the bloodstream only if you have liver damage. It is for this reason that high ALT levels are the indicator of disease, most often discovered through blood tests done for other reasons.
In other cases, for example, who suffers from hepatitis poisoning, as well as experience an increase in transaminases and other values (such as the gamma GT, an enzyme contained in the liver), some problems occur. The person, in fact, can meet with jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), accompanied by weakness and a state of malaise.
HEPATITIS: a disease that affects the liver

The word “hepatitis” is a generic term used by doctors to indicate a suffering liver. There is talk of hepatitis when liver cells (that is the ‘body) is subject to an inflammatory state and undergo a damage or destruction that may be more or less serious. Hepatitis are classified into acute and chronic forms, depending on the duration of the disease, the rapidity of its development and results of blood tests. L ‘hepatitis is a disease that affects the liver and can be caused by various causes. The most common cause of ‘forms are viral hepatitis: hepatitis due to’ action of a virus, as happens with ‘hepatitis A, B and C. There are also other types of hepatitis, such as intoxication, caused by an agent that is harmful to the liver.
Toxic hepatitis: Hepatitis intoxication

Hepatitis intoxication may depend on various factors. Here are the main causes.

CHRONIC HEPATITIS AND ALCOHOL
Habitual alcohol drinkers are more at risk of chronic hepatitis. Moreover, this form of hepatitis is more common in those who already suffer from cirrhosis (serious liver disease). Young people are healthy, however, in case of abuse of alcohol may run into a ‘hepatitis acute intoxication. Excessive use and combined alcohol and drugs may give rise to a form called acute alcoholic hepatitis, which affects mainly those who are already abusing alcohol. Although potentially reversible, in serious cases’ s hepatitis has a mortality rate of 60%.
DISEASES OF THE LIVER: ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES PROHIBITED
In all cases of disease of the liver, the alcohol must be completely eliminated. The liver is an organ that it “filters” l ‘80%’ s alcohol brought into ‘organization’ is not granted even the beer or the “correction” in the coffee.

HEPATITIS AND ABUSE OF DRUGS
L ‘prolonged use of certain medicines, such as rheumatic or the contraceptive pill, can cause a’ mild acute hepatitis and asymptomatic, with a simple increase in transaminases and gamma GT. Instead, the massive consumption and in a very limited time (for example by accidental ingestion) of drugs even municipalities such as paracetamol can cause a ‘most serious acute poisoning with symptoms. Some medicines of the older generation, such as some antihypertensives, even if administered in proper dosage, are responsible for chronic forms of hepatitis non-reversible.

Toxic hepatitis: POISONOUS MUSHROOMS AND HARMFUL SUBSTANCES
The seriousness of ‘hepatitis caused by toxic agents is proportional to the amount of stomach contents: the higher the greater the risk. For example, if it is poisonous mushrooms must understand which species are and how many have been consumed. If the species is very toxic and the amount ingested is high, you are at extreme risk, if consumption was limited and the fungus was not highly toxic, the consequences will be mild.
TOXIC HEPATITIS TREATMENT

For ‘hepatitis intoxication there is no specific treatment. Physicians should behave differently according to situations that arise. First, especially in more serious cases, be given emergency care. For example, in case of poisoning by mushrooms, you may need to resort to a gastric lavage. Against ‘poisoning by paracetamol, however, you can use the’ specific antidote based n-acetyl-cysteine. You must then delete the ‘officer’ intoxication starting from the evaluation of possible treatments with drugs. In addition, it should be absolutely eliminated ’s alcohol. Must do everything possible to resume the liver to function properly. Therefore it is useful to spend a few weeks to rest and eat a diet very light.
HEPATITIS ACUTE AND CHRONIC HEPATITIS

Like other types of hepatitis (hepatitis A, B and C viruses), including toxic hepatitis can be acute or chronic. There is talk of an acute form when the ‘hepatitis occurs rapidly. If the situation is not serious and is done in a timely manner, the liver can continue to function properly. However, there is a ‘wide range of possibilities, or you can go from a simple alteration of transaminase (enzymes produced by the liver) to more serious forms, characterized by high fever, jaundice and skin manifestations. In extreme cases you may even get to risk their lives.
In chronic forms of hepatitis, however, is no longer possible to return to the starting situation: the liver will never be able to heal completely el ‘hepatitis can only be kept under control. Typically, these forms of hepatitis remain asymptomatic for very long periods, or give only a general sense of fatigue and weakness. Over the years, if not treated, l ‘chronic hepatitis may develop into serious illnesses, from cirrhosis of the tumor.
CARE CHRONIC HEPATITIS AND LIVER TRANSPLANT

In more serious forms of acute hepatitis and in advanced cases of chronic hepatitis may be very difficult to intervene. This means that you may need a liver transplant, or in any way, a patient in intensive care. In some cases we resort to Mars (Molecular Absorbent Recirculating System – recirculating molecular absorption), which is a machine used to purify the liver, a type of device for the “liver dialysis”. It is, however, a temporary solution, which loses its effectiveness within a day or two: in general, is used as a “bridge” to transplantation.

This surgical technique is perfect for those over 65: the technique is suitable for people with fractures of the femur in the area called trochanteric, namely in the portion near the head of the ‘bone (the highest), which articulates with the pelvis, form l ‘articulation’ s hip. These fractures of the femur is veriflcano especially in the over 65, when the bones are made more fragile by the ‘osteoporosis (a disease diagnosed and treated too little), and break even after a trivial trauma.
Precisely for patients over 65, the Israeli physician Yechiel Gotfried has studied his plate biocompatible, easy to insert even on a bone damaged by lack of ore.

L ’surgery for the treatment of femoral fracture through two small incisions. The patient is given a ‘locoregional anesthesia (subarachnoid). In the operating room (on a table called trauma), surgeons reduce the fracture, as we say in slang, that is manually realign the broken femur, making guided by an ‘X-ray equipment (l’ intensifiers). At that point, run two small incisions in the skin, through which you slide the plate. The surgeon will fix this kind of plaque to ‘bone with five screws (inserted through the incisions always): Two Up, oblique, going to take hold in the neck of the femur, and three in the bottom, that hold the plate to the intermediate portion of ‘bone (diaphysis).
Rehabilitation Aftercare

After the ‘intervention to repair the fracture of the femur, you need a period of rehabilitation that, on average, lasts two to three weeks (if there are no other conditions). It is appropriate that the elderly patient is admitted to a center equipped. Typically there are two daily sessions of exercises to re-education (90 minutes total). The treatment follows three routes: to avoid the rigidity of the ‘hip and knee, keeping toned muscles of the leg, helping the patient to find the’ balance and walking, first with a walker or crutches, until reaching the pre-existing condition of the fracture femur.

There have been countless blessings which have come from modern medicine. It has done miracles for people in this age and as a result, the average life expectancy has increased quite a bit.

However, there are some downsides that have occurred due to this rapid advancement. Every innovation has its disadvantages and as technology progresses, we will also notice strange new health problems arising.

For example, previously after the industrial revolution, processed foods have become increasingly popular due to its marketability and convenience for production on a mass scale level. The human body responds to this change in diet accordingly. The reaction can include anything from constipation to colon disease on an extreme level. As an even earlier illustration, there have even been studies where there was a sharp increase in appendicitis among early 19th century African slaves after adapting to a processed diet that’s popular among industrialized countries.

If the human body suffers digestive problems from these dietary changes, modern medicine comes into play by curing the symptoms but rarely eliminates the cause of a deeper biological incongruence.

For example, with the advent of modern surgical and anesthetic techniques, it seems like many people in 1st world nations forget about older forms of treatment. People rarely consciously practice the highest form of health care which is prevention, when it comes to digestive health. Even worse, pills and surgery became such a commonly recommended treatment by health authorities that people neglect that long term consequences follow if you simply forget the existence of a deeper issue and resort to quick fixes. As one example, surgery for hemorrhoids does not always heal properly because the tissue is not meant to be altered in such an unnatural manner.

Another fix that is popular is chemical-based medication. Because of the powerful effects that chemistry can have on the human body, it seems to be a more powerful effect at first glance. However, this hides a very dark reality that manifests in the form of random side-effects in the beginning. In the more extreme cases, it can damage one’s immune system or cause other disorders to occur.

A prime example is mental or anxiety medication that aims merely to change certain natural chemicals in the brain or nervous system. It intends to call these imbalances but never addresses the issue of root problems in a person’s life.

Another example is if one is suffering from hemorrhoids, hemorrhoid creams are placed upon the tissue to relax the blood vessels. This does have the temporal effects but does not resolve anything in the long-run. Once the creams effect wears off (assuming it ever did), the hemorrhoid will merely come back.

From this perspective, the ideal way to prevent digestive problems is by reverting to a natural lifestyle more attuned to that of a hunter/gatherer diet. This is definitely impractical, but one can still seek out natural remedies in the process and come as close as possible to this ideal.

As societal economics and media in the 1st world causes more people to be attracted towards an instant gratification fix, while downplaying the traditional methods of prevention, that same desire for instant gratification can be seen reflected increasingly in healthcare. The key is to recognize this and not place your health at risk despite what is considered “conventional” practice.

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L ‘alteration of the heartbeat (main symptom of tachycardia) may be linked to a pathology of the cardiovascular system. But very often this increased heart rate is only one of the consequences of a lifestyle too stressful. Or tachycardia may be linked to anxiety disorders or other psychological problems.
DIAGNOSIS OF Tachycardia: medical examinations

If the episodes of tachycardia recur frequently, you should go to the GP and possibly by the cardiologist: be prescribed a series of tests, such as’ electrocardiogram, even under stress, and blood pressure in 24 hours.
The cure for tachycardia

If the medical tests rule out a heart condition, then action is taken on the lifestyle, trying to reduce as far as possible the conditions that create tension and restore healthy habits: a little coffee, no cigarettes and alcohol, sports at least three times a week. If the tachycardia is caused only by stress, the symptoms pass in a couple of weeks. If the tachycardia is instead due to a disturbance d ‘anxiety, you should consult a psychiatrist who will prescribe, if necessary, medication.

L ‘functional amblyopia ( “lazy eye”) can manifest as a reduced view (at least three tenths less compared to’ other eye) or made only of shadows or flashes of light or a vision entirely absent.
DIAGNOSIS OF ‘ “lazy eye” in children (functional amblyopia)

For the diagnosis of ‘functional amblyopia ( “lazy eye”) is required an eye examination and orthoptic already starting from three years of age, to verify the bud (also through specific tools such as sinottoforo) the presence and the possible cause of amblyopia functional ( “lazy eye”).
CARE ‘ “lazy eye” in children (functional amblyopia):
l ‘importance of early detection

Once diagnostic ’s functional amblyopia ( “lazy eye”) shall proceed to correct the basic defect of vision (goggles) and, if necessary, implements the reactivation of visual stimulation through the curtain, more or less prolonged’ s healthy eye. For the treatment of ‘functional amblyopia ( “lazy eye”), in some cases are used to direct stimulation with specific devices that send impulses. Orthotics are also useful exercises to be performed several times a week in hospital and at home, helping the convergence and ocular motility.
The results for the treatment of ‘functional amblyopia ( “lazy eye”) are obtained provided that action is taken on the defect of sight when the’ axis eye-brain is still in training. After six years of age, in fact, the lack of vision is irreversible and any treatment is unnecessary.

Sometimes the treatment of diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscle and surgery. Generally, this practice a ‘incision near the’ navel. In other cases, a breach cutaneous circulation instead of 20-25 cm above the pubic area (as in cesarean section), which leaves a scar in the area covered by the slip. Then it restores the muscular wall, reinforced with a biocompatible implant material, which forms a fibrous capsule able to close the diastasis.